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Gold Medal Software 2
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Gold Medal Software Volume 2 (Gold Medal) (1994).iso
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oscnfig6.arj
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CONFIG.TXT
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1993-08-16
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╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ OS/2 2.x CONFIG.SYS FILE DESCRIPTION - Version 6.0 / July 31, 1993 ║
║ COMPILED BY RICK MEIGS ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
Copyright (c) 1992-93, Rick Meigs, 7032 SW 26th Street, Portland, OR,
97219. If you find errors or have some helpful information, please
do contact me at the address above. I also hang around the FidoNet
OS/2 conference, so you can drop me a note there also.
<<=ENCOURAGEMENT=>> This ASCII file may be freely distributed (AND
YOU'RE ENCOURAGED TO DO SO) on a not-for-profit basis, but the
copyright notice may not be removed and the file may not be modified.
CONTENTS:
1. Caution, warning and disclaimer.
2. Initial Comments.
3. CONFIG.SYS file description.
4. Obscure CONFIG.SYS settings.
5. Sample CONFIG.SYS files.
6. How to restore a damaged CONFIG.SYS file from a backup copy.
7. REXX Support from within the CONFIG.SYS file.
1. Cautions, warnings and disclaimers.
--------------------------------------
<<=CAUTION=>> Because of the way in which OS/2s Enhance PM Editor
(EPM.EXE) handles word wrapping, using it to edit your CONFIG.SYS
file is unwise. Best results are obtained using OS/2s System Editor
(E.EXE).
<<=WARNING=>> IF YOU PLAN ON CHANGING ANY LINE IN YOUR CURRENT
CONFIG.SYS FILE, PLEASE BE SURE TO CREATE A BACKUP --BEFORE-- YOU
START EXPERIMENTING!!! THIS HAS SAVED ME MORE THAN ONCE. MAKING A
BACKUP COPY WILL DO YOU KNOW GOOD IF YOU DON'T KNOW HOW TO RESTORE A
DAMAGED CONFIG.SYS FILE WITH THE BACKUP. I HAVE INCLUDED THE PROCEDURE
AT THE END OF THIS FILE.
<<=REQUIRED READING=>> I CAN'T BE RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT YOU DO WITH
YOUR SYSTEM AND CONFIG.SYS FILE BASED UPON WHAT YOU MAY LEARN FROM THE
INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS FILE. EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO MAKE
THIS FILE AS ACCURATE AS POSSIBLE, BUT NO WARRANTY OR FITNESS IS
IMPLIED. THE INFORMATION IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS.
2. Initial Comments.
--------------------
This project has become something more than I had anticipated. Now in
its sixth version and I'm still finding out new things about OS/2s
CONFIG.SYS file. Actually, this CONFIG.SYS FILE DESCRIPTION has become
as much an optimization handbook as it is a description. I assume that
someday, all that can be said about the file will have been said. At
that point I'll be able to sit back and just let the last update
circulate <g>.
Even with all the hours I've put into this CONFIG.SYS FILE
DESCRIPTION, I still find it often to be a mystery. At least one
attempt to "demystify" the file has been made by a major computer
rag within the last year, but I found myself more "mystified" than
"demystified". Some of the information share was just plain wrong.
Still, mystery or not, to get the most out of OS/2 and your system,
you MUST spend a little time editing your CONFIG.SYS file.
This whole process began 1992 when I began researching what many of
the CONFIG.SYS file com- mands were for. This ever growing file is the
result of that ongoing research. It briefly describes many of the
common and obscure commands. Naturally, not all possible commands are
listed (especially the many hardware device drivers), but there is a
lot here for you to work with. Version Six has been updated for OS/2
2.1.
Unlike the DOS CONFIG.SYS file which is read sequentially, OS/2 reads
the entire CONFIG.SYS file before it invokes the commands listed.
Therefore, except for a few exceptions which have been noted, it
really doesn't matter where a command is placed.
3. BEGINNING OF CONFIG.SYS FILE DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------
CALL=C:\OS2\XCOPY.EXE C:\OS2\*.BK1 C:\OS2\*.BK2
CALL=C:\OS2\XCOPY.EXE C:\OS2\*.INI C:\OS2\*.BK1
Two files are essential to the operation of OS/2: OS2.INI and
OS2SYS.INI. If these files should get trashed, OS/2 isn't going to
function. Backing them up is very important. In OS/2 version 2.0,
once booted, OS/2 will not let you access or copy these critical
files. One way to circumvent this is to create your backups BEFORE
OS/2 is booted. This CALL will do the trick. It creates first a backup
of your backup and then creates a backup of the original files. This
gives you a two generation backup.
<<=NOTE=>> In version 2.1, the INI files can be copied using the
normal OS/2 COPY com- mand, but you may wish to consider adding this
CALL to your CONFIG.SYS file to automate the process.
Generally OS/2 does not care where you place something in the
CONFIG.SYS file. This CALL is an exception in version 2.0. It must
appear are the first line as shown here because you need to complete
this backup process before OS2.INI AND OS2SYS.INI load.
<<=TIP=>> OS2.INI and OS2SYS.INI can also be reconstructed at boot by
holding down Alt- F1 during boot BEFORE the OS/2 logo appears. You may
need to hold the keys down for at least 20 seconds. During your
initial installation of OS/2, the installation process stored a copy
of its original INI files in the folder called INSTALL. When you press
Alt-F1 at boot, OS/2 moves these "backup" files into the OS/2 folder
to replace the current versions.
<<=WARNING=>> Use the Alt-F1 key combination as a last resort because
you will lose all customization and changes you have made to the WpS.
<<=TIP=>> Add the following additional line, CALL=C:\OS2\XCOPY.EXE
C:\OS2\*.BK2 C:\OS2\INSTALL\*.INI, before the first CALL above. This
will replace the INI files in the INSTALL folder with a more recent
version. So when you have to use Alt-F1, you'll reboot without losing
most of your customization to your WpS.
IFS=C:\OS2\HPFS.IFS /CACHE:512 /CRECL:4 /AUTOCHECK:C
This OS/2 command installs the High Performance File System (HPFS), if
you want to use it instead of FAT. The syntax is
IFS=DRIVE:PATH\FILENAME,SWITCHES. There are three switches:
/CACHE:nnn sets up a disk cache and its size. The default on my 8MB
system (shown in the table below) is to low in my opinion. If you have
8MB of RAM, set the cache to 512, but keep in mind that you don't want
an excessive cache because the memory used comes directly out of
memory available for programs, e.g. if you set a 2MB cache on a 6MB
system, you will notice a substantial negative performance hit. It is
my understanding that the maximum cache size for HPFS is currently 2MB
and IBM does not recommend using a cache larger than 1.5MB;
If you have formatted your system with only HPFS partitions, the
default cache size in this statement will be that noted under ONE FILE
SYSTEM in the table below. If you have both FAT and HPFS partitions,
then OS/2 2.x defaults to the cache size noted under TWO FILE SYSTEM.
The file system which uses the greatest amount of your disk space gets
the larger default value.
MEMORY SIZE IN MB TWO FILE SYSTEM ONE FILE SYSTEM
4 128/64 128
5 128/64 128
6 256/64 256
7 256/128 256
8 256/256 384
9 256/256 384
10 - 16 512/512 1024
17 - 32 1024/1024 2048
/CRECL sets the maximum record size for caching, from 2k to 64k in
multiples of 2k; and,
/AUTOCHECK:nn tells the system to run CHKDSK and sets the drives to be
checked at startup.
IFS stands for "Installable File System".
<<=TIP=>> If you are using only FAT partitions, then you should REM
this statement and save yourself about 500k of RAM.
<<=TIP=>> If you have drive partitions larger than 80 or so megabytes,
then HPFS will give you better performance than FAT. On partitions of
less than 80MB, their is little or no performance difference between
HPFS and FAT.
PAUSEONERROR=YES
This OS/2 only command tells OS/2 to stop for a moment if it cannot
process a line in the CONFIG.SYS file correctly. If you don't include
this statement in your CONFIG.SYS file, the default will be YES. It is
generally the best choice since an error message will appear and
scroll off the screen so quickly with a NO setting that you may not
notice it or be able to read it.
PROTSHELL=C:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE
This OS/2 command loads OS/2s user interface program (PMSHELL.EXE)
which allows you to make full-screen and window sessions work. The
current interface program is the Work- place Shell (WpS), but in
theory you could purchase or develop your own user interface and use
it instead of the WpS, much like Norton's Desktop is available for the
Windows environment. If you delete this line from your CONFIG.SYS
file, OS/2 will load CMD.EXE by default.
SET COMMAND: The SET command in the CONFIG.SYS file sets up
environment variables for the en- tire system. These environmental
variables are stored by OS/2 in memory and are shared by any
applications which calls on them. There are a number of these
"enviornment variables" covered below.
<<=NOTE=>> These variables can also generally be changed at an OS/2
command prompt.
<<=TIP=>> If you want to see what variables are set in your system, at
an OS/2 command prompt type the word SET and press return. You'll get
a list like the following:
WP_OBJHANDLE=87103
USER_INI=C:\OS2\OS2.INI
SYSTEM_INI=C:\OS2\OS2SYS.INI
OS2_SHELL=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE
AUTOSTART=PROGRAMS,TASKLIST,FOLDERS
RUNWORKPLACE=C:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE
COMSPEC=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE
PATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;C:\
DPATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;C:\
PROMPT=$E[1;33m[$P]$G
HELP=C:\OS2\HELP;C:\OS2\HELP\TUTORIAL;
GLOSSARY=C:\OS2\HELP\GLOSS;
DIRCMD=/ON /P
IPF_KEYS=SBCS
KEYS=OFF
BOOKSHELF=C:\OS2\BOOK
EPMPATH=C:\OS2\APPS;
VIDEO_DEVICES=VIO_SVGA
VIO_SVGA=DEVICE(BVHVGA,BVHSVGA)
WORKPLACE__PROCESS=NO
SET USER_INI=C:\OS2\OS2.INI
Tells OS/2 the name and locations of the file that contains your
desktop setup information and the options saved from various OS/2
applications. OS2.INI is the default file name.
This file remains open the entire time OS/2 is booted and operating.
It only closes upon Shutdown. If it should become "trashed",
MAKEINI.EXE, which ships with OS/2 and is in the OS2 directory, can be
used to build a new set of INI xfiles. You will have to boot from an
OS/2 floppy to do so.
<<=NOTE=>> OS2.INI is a critical file for the proper operation of OS/2
and should not be deleted or modified. It is not an ASCII file and
therefore cannot be modified with an ASCII editor if it should become
damaged. You should consider backing up this file by using the CALL
lines shown above or with a program such as WPSBKUP, a shareware pro-
gram you can obtain on many OS/2 BBSs.
SET SYSTEM_INI=C:\OS2\OS2SYS.INI
Tells OS/2 the name and location of its INI file (OS2SYS.INI).
OS2SYS.INI tells OS/2 what kind of equipment your system uses. NOTE:
OS2SYS.INI is a critical files and should not be deleted or modified.
It is not an ASCII file and can't be edited. You should consider
backing up this file by using the CALL line shown as the first line
above or with a program such as WPSBKUP, a shareware program you can
obtain on many OS/2 BBSs.
This file remains open the entire time OS/2 is booted and operating.
It only closes upon Shutdown. If it should become "trashed",
MAKEINI.EXE, which ships with OS/2 and is in the OS2 directory, can be
used to build a new set of INI files. You will have to boot from an
OS/2 floppy to do so.
SET OS2_SHELL=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE
OS2_SHELL directs OS/2 to load the command-line shell (CMD.EXE) when
you ask for an OS/2 command line from the WpS.
<<=WARNING=>> Be careful with this line. OS/2 will not start without
it.
<<=TIP=>> If you wish to run some other command-line shell, such as
4OS2, change this line and the SET COMSPEC=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE line,
substituting the appropriate EXE file for CMD.EXE.
SET AUTOSTART=PROGRAMS,TASKLIST,FOLDERS
This command is used to start parts of the OS/2 WpS. There is one
other parameter: CONNECTIONS. This starts any network connection in
use when the system was last shut- down.
<<=WARNING=>> If you remove any of these statements, then you may not
get OS/2 to re- spond or you will be restricted from accessing
portions of the shell. For example, if you leave out FOLDERS, Folders,
including the Desktop which is also a folder, can not be opened. If
you delete TASKLIST, then you will not obtain the OS/2 TASKLIST when
you press Ctrl-Esc and if PROGRAMS is in included, only programs in
your startup folder will be available.
SET RUNWORKPLACE=C:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE
This line tells the system what interface program is to be used. In
this case it is the Workplace Shell. I'm not aware of any other
options at this time.
<<=TIP=>> If you want to run OS/2 with only a command line interface,
you can do so by changing this line to read SET
RUNWORKPLACE=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE. This brings OS/2 up without the WpS and
gives you one full screen session. Without the WpS, you lose much of
OS/2s functionality, but you can start other sessions using the START
or DETACH command. Switch between session using Alt+Esc. For those who
want the power of OS/2 and like to work only from a command line, give
this a try.
SET RESTARTOBJECTS=YES
This command tells OS/2 what applications to start after you suspend
operations with or without doing a Shutdown (as in doing a
Ctrl-Alt-Del because some faulty program has locked up your system).
If this statement is not in your CONFIG.SYS, then the default is YES,
i.e., start all objects that were running at the time of Shutdown or
reboot. Other options are:
NO = do not start any applications that were running at time of
shutdown or reboot.
STARTUPFOLDERSONLY = start objects only in the Startup folder. This
parameter is also handy for another purpose. If you have one or more
programs in the Startup folder and do a shutdown without closing the
programs (i.e. left the programs open at shutdown), then reboot,
OS/2 will restart the programs left open AND the Startup folder will
start another copy. Thus you will have two copies running. Setting
this parameter eliminates this.
REBOOTONLY = Start objects only if the OS/2 WpS is starting from a
reboot (Ctrl-Alt-Del) or at power on. Objects will not restart if the
WpS is re- started as a result of its own error correction recycling.
<<=TIP=>> You can also circumvent the auto-starting of programs by
holding down Ctrl-Shift-F1 all at the same time during boot. It must
be done AFTER your mouse pointer is seen (but not too soon after it
appears), but before any icons appear.
Part 1 of 3
SET COMSPEC=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE
This line identifies what OS/2 command-line shell is to be used and
where its at. In DOS, COMMAND.COM is equivalent to CMD.EXE.
<<=TIP=>> If you wish to run some other command-line shell, such as
4OS2, change this and the SET OS2_SHELL=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE line,
substituting the appropriate EXE file for CMD.EXE.
LIBPATH=.;C:\OS2\DLL;C:\OS2\MDOS;C:\;C:\OS2\APPS\DLL;
This is an OS/2 command. It tells OS/2 where to locate Dynamic Link
Libraries (DLLs). LIBPATH is similar to DPATH and PATH, but the
statement can only be used in the CONFIG.SYS file and OS/2 does not
search the current directory for DLLs unless you in- clude it in the
LIBPATH statement. To have OS/2 search the current directory, include
a period "." right after the equal "=" symbol as noted above. You
don't need to use the SET command with LIBPATH, it is not an
environment variable.
SET PATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;C:\
Just like in DOS, it tells both DOS and OS/2 where to find programs.
SET DPATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;C:\
This is an OS/2 command. It tells OS/2 programs where to look for data
files. It is similar to the DOS APPEND command, but unlike APPEND,
DPATH only works with programs designed to use it.
SET PROMPT=[$P]$G
Like the same DOS command, this line sets how your OS/2 command prompt
will appear. (This is for OS/2 only. Set the DOS PROMPT default in
your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.) In the setting shown here, the command prompt
will appear showing the current directory of the default drive
enclosed in [] followed by the greater than symbol, i.e. [C:\]>.
Having brackets [] around the drive and directory information lets you
quickly know when you are at an OS/2 command line verse a DOS command
line.
If you type PROMPT without a parameter, OS/2 will return its default
prompt [$p].
Options include:
$B = The character
$C = The open parenthesis (
$D = Current date
$E = ASCII code 27 (escape) so you can work with ANSI. See <<=TIP=>>
$F = The close parenthesis )
$G = The "greater than" > symbol
$H = BACKSPACE over the previous character
$I = Turns help line on
$L = The "less than" < character
$N = Default drive
$P = Current directory of default drive
$Q = The equal = character
$S = The space character
$T = Current time
$V = OS/2 version number
$_ = Carriage return or line feed
<<=TIP=>> You can also add ANSI control sequences to your prompt. For
example, to help me know visually whether I'm working with an OS/2
command line, I've add $E[1;33m to my prompt line, i.e. SET
PROMPT=$E[1;33m[$P]$G. This sets text to display in bold yellow
characters. Bold yellow characters means OS/2 command line. White
characters means DOS command line.
SET HELP=C:\OS2\HELP;C:\OS2\HELP\TUTORIAL;
Tells OS/2 where the help files are located. OS/2 will only look for a
program's help files in the path shown.
SET GLOSSARY=C:\OS2\HELP\GLOSS;
Tells OS/2 where the Glossary file and Master Help file is located.
SET DIRCMD=/ON /P
This undocumented command is the OS/2 equivalent of the DIR command in
DOS. Since DOS 5, you can tell DIR how to present file information. To
do this in OS/2, use the DIRCMD command. For example: SET DIRCMD=/ON
/P tells OS/2 to display the DIR information in alpha order and place
a pause at the end of each page.
This is for OS/2 only. Set the DOS default in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Options include:
/A list files with specific attributes. E.g. /AH list only hidden
files. Other options are S A & R. If you place a negative (-)
sign in front of your speci- fied attribute, all files will
list except those with the attribute specified. E.g. /A-H-S
will display all files except hidden and system files.
/B list directories and files without heading and summary information.
/F list files with the full drive and path information. Date, time
and size are omitted.
/L displays information in lowercase.
/N lists files on a FAT drive in the same format used for a HPFS
drive, i.e. date, time, size, name.
/O list files according to sort option specified. Sort options are:
G = Display directories first.
N = alphabetize by file name
-N = reverse-alphabetizes by name
E = alphabetize by extension
-E = reverse-alphabetizes by extension
D = by date, oldest first
-D = by date, newest first
S = by file size, smallest first
-S = by file size, largest first
/P pauses after a full screen of files is listed.
/R displays long file names if applicable.
/S searches and displays all directories.
/W displays file names across the screen. Date, time and size are
omitted.
SET IPF_KEYS=SBCS
The character set for most languages can be represented as data using
an 8-bit byte sin- ce their characters sets are each less than 256
characters. These are Single Byte Char- acter Sets (SBCS). Languages
such as Japanese, Korean and Chinese can only be repre- sented as data
using two 8-bit bytes or 16-bits. These are Double Byte Character Sets
(DBCS).
This command tells the Information Presentation Facility (INF and help
files) which type of character set is being used, i.e., Single or
Double Byte Character Set. This is an Environment variable. Removing
it from my system did not seem to have any impact.
PRIORITY_DISK_IO=YES
This command determines whether applications running in the foreground
have priority access to disks. The default is YES. If you want
applications running in the background to have equal access to your
disks, then change this statement to NO.
PRIORITY=DYNAMIC
OS/2 automatically assigns processing priorities to each thread of a
program as it begins processing. A thread running in the foreground
will generally have priority over a thread running in background.
Thread priorities are adjusted, generally based upon how active they
are, by OS/2 on an ongoing basis to make sure each thread has adequate
processing time. On the rare occasion that you need to run a program
which must never change in priority, you should set PRIORITY=ABSOLUTE,
otherwise, don't mess with it.
This is another OS/2 only command and does not have to be in your
CONFIG.SYS. If it is not, then OS/2 defaults to PRIORITY=DYNAMIC.
FILES=20
This is a standard DOS command which sets the maximum number of files
that DOS can access at the same time. OS/2 sets the default at 20,
but some DOS programs may require that you increase this number.
DEVICE=C:\OS2\TESTCFG.SYS
TESTCFG.SYS is used during the install process to test your systems
configuration. It is also used by the Selective Install process and
during device driver installations.
<<=NOTE=>> Because this driver is also used by the Selective Install
process, you should not be deleted.
DEVICE=C:\OS2\PMDD.SYS
OS/2 loads and uses this driver to provide pointer draw support along
with POINTDD.SYS.
<<=WARNING=>> OS/2 will not start without this line in your CONFIG.SYS
file.
BUFFERS=30
Tells OS/2 how many disk buffers to set aside. Range is from 1 to 100.
Each buffer takes up to 512 bytes of RAM. 30 is the default and
usually works well.
Disk buffers are blocks of memory set aside by OS/2 for use in reading
and writing blocks of data. For example, if a program wants to change
80 bytes of a file, it needs to read the 512 byte sector that contains
the original data, change the information and then write the corrected
512 byte sector back out. A "buffer" is the 512 byte temporary staging
area for this partial sector operation. According to source at IBM,
"OS/2 allows multiple simultaneous I/O operations to be queued up
for both diskette and hard disk. Each 'concurrent' operation may need
a buffer. If there are not enough buffers, overlap can be inhibited.
Because OS/2 has more 'simultaneous' queued I/O than DOS, it needs
more buffers."
<<=TIP=>> Generally, you can speed up your system by increasing the
number of BUFFERS. But, keep in mind that as you increase the number,
you reduce available memory. 30 is the default, but you may wish to
experiment with a higher number, like 50 or 60. Be careful about using
a lower number unless you only have 4MB of RAM. With 4MB of RAM you
may wish to set BUFFERS to 20. This gives you some more valuable
memory.
IOPL=YES
An OS/2 command that, when set to YES, lets programs that need to
bypass OS/2, and its device drivers, and work directly with hardware
devices, do so. YES means that all pro- grams can access the hardware
directly. NO means that no program can access the hardware directly.
You can also specify a list of programs that are allowed to work
direct- ly with the hardware. For example, IOPL=WS.EXE,Q.EXE would
allow only these two programs to access hardware directly. YES is
the default and is generally best, since its hard for most of us to
know when a program is written is such a way as to need direct access
to hardware, rather than working through a device driver.
IOPL stands for Input/Output Privilege Level.
Part 2 of 3
RUN=C:\OS2\CACHE.EXE /MAXAGE:2500
This line runs CACHE.EXE which allows you to modify the parameters for
the HPFS cache. CACHE.EXE is only used for HPFS partitions. (The next
CONFIG.SYS file line below sets up a cache for FAT.) There are four
switches:
/LAZY: Determines if lazy writes is ON of OFF, that is, whether the
contents of the cache will be written to your hard disk immediately
(/LAZY:OFF) or when your hard disk is idle (/LAZY:ON). The default is
ON. I like lazy writes ON because it improves performance, but keep in
mind that since the system delays writing data to your hard disk, you
can lose data if your system should crash. In the CONFIG.SYS file line
above no switch is specified therefore the default remains in effect,
which is ON.
<<=TIP=>> Lazywrite can also be turned ON or OFF at an OS/2 command
prompt.
<<=WARNING=>> If you include the /LAZY switch, then the CACHE
statement will IGNORE ALL OTHER SWITCHES in the line. Therefore, if
you want to turn Lazy-write off (or on) and also change some other
parameter, you will need two RUN statements.
/MAXAGE: Sets how long data waits in the cache before it is moved to
another area of the cache where less used information is stored, or
how long data waits in the cache before it is written to the hard
disk. It is expressed in milliseconds. The default is 5,000 or about
5 seconds. In the CONFIG.SYS file line above, the wait is set at 2,500
milliseconds or about two 1 seconds. I've done this to reduce the
chance of data loss.
/DISKIDLE: Sets how long your hard disk must be idle before it will
accept data from the cache. Express in milliseconds and the default is
1,000 or about one second. In the CONFIG.SYS file line above no switch
is specified therefore it defaults remains in effect.
/BUFFERIDLE: Sets how long the cache buffer must be idle before its
contents MUST be written to your hard disk. Express in milliseconds
and the default is 500 or about 1 second. In the CONFIG.SYS file line
above no switch is specified therefore it defaults remains in effect.
<<=NOTE=>> The HPFS IFS CONFIG.SYS file line sets up the cache and
uses the system defaults. This CONFIG.SYS file line is only used to
modify the cache parameters.
<<=TIP=>> You can check to see what parameters the HPFS cache is
currently set at by going to an OS/2 command prompt and keying in the
word CACHE and pressing the enter key.
DISKCACHE=256,LW,32,AC:C
If you are using FAT file system, this command sets up a RAM disk
cache.
CACHE: The DISKCACHE line noted here sets up a 256k cache. The default
cache size is based upon your RAM. See the table below. If you have
the RAM, increase the size to improve system performance, but don't
get carried away in using too much of your RAM. This will hurt
performance and cause too much memory swapping to disk.
If you have formatted your system with only FAT partitions, the
default cache size in this statement will be that noted under ONE FILE
SYSTEM in the table below. If you have both FAT and HPFS partitions,
then OS/2 2.x defaults to the cache size noted under TWO FILE SYSTEM.
The file system which uses the greatest amount of your disk space gets
the larger default value.
MEMORY SIZE IN MB TWO FILE SYSTEM ONE FILE SYSTEM
4 128/64 128
5 128/64 128
6 256/64 256
7 256/128 256
8 256/256 384
9 256/256 384
10 - 16 512/512 1024
17 - 32 1024/1024 2048
LW: Enables lazy writes. If you don't want lazy write enabled, then
remove ",LW".
32: The third number set the threshold size. It is express in number
of sectors which are 512 bytes each. Data requests from your disk that
are larger than this number will not be cached. The default is 4.
Thirty two (32) is said to be an optimum number. One hundred twenty
eight (128) is the maximum allowable. This setting has no impact on
RAM.
AC:C: If you want CHKDSK to automatically check your startup partition
(usually C), then add this switch to end of the DISKCACHE command:
AC:n where n is your startup partition, e.g. AC:C.
<<=TIP=>> If you are only using HPFS, then you should REM this
statement (don't delete, you may need or want it later) and save some
RAM.
MAXWAIT=3
This OS/2 command sets the longest period a program will have to wait
to execute before OS/2 ups its priority. This makes sure that no
program is put on hold forever while some other program hogs the
system. You can set MAXWAIT from 1 to 255 seconds. The default is 3
seconds.
<<=TIP=>> When running heavy background programs, such as a BBS,
change the setting to 1, i.e. MAXWAIT=1. This will keep the BBS
software or other background programs running at top speed. For
general use, it appears that setting MAXWAIT=2 makes the system a
little livelier.
MEMMAN=SWAP,PROTECT
OS/2 can run more programs and use more data than can actually be
stored in memory at any given time. This is done by swapping large
amounts of memory to your hard disk and then reading the data back
into memory when needed. This is called virtual memory. For example,
if you only have 4MB of memory (Get MORE memory fast! You need 8MB
minimum with OS/2 2.x.) you will see lots of disk activity while you
are working with your system. A lot of this is OS/2 swapping memory
to your hard disk. Lots of memory swapping will slow down your system
and cause your hard disk to fragment quicker than normal.
The MEMMAN command controls the swap process. The syntax is
MEMMAN=s,m,PROTECT where s=SWAP or NOSWAP; m=MOVE or NOMOVE; and
PROTECT, which allows memory compaction with protected dynamic link
libraries. The default is to have virtual memory on. To turn off
virtual memory, which is NOT recommended, the CONFIG.SYS file line
should read: MEMMAN=NOSWAP.
A new parameter with version 2.1 is COMMIT. With this parameter
included, OS/2 will allocate space in the swap file whenever a program
commits memory. Increase your SWAPPER.DAT file (in the SWAPPATH line
below) by the amount of memory you are likely to use when using the
COMMIT parameter.
<<=CAUTION=>> When messing with this line (I mean experimenting) I
changed it to MEMMAN=NOSWAP. As a result, I had to boot from my OS/2
Installation disk and recover my backup CONFIG.SYS file to get the
system to boot. I don't know why, but use caution.
<<=NOTE=>> The MOVE/NOMOVE parameter has no effect under OS/2 2.x and
is only provided for OS/2 version 1.x compatibility.
SWAPPATH=C:\OS2\SYSTEM 512 4096
OS/2 can allocate more memory than it actually has available. It does
this by swapping memory to a hard disk file called SWAPPER.DAT.
The syntax is SWAPPATH=DRIVE,PATH,mmm,nnn where DRIVE AND PATH is the
location where you want the SWAPPER.DAT file to be placed; mmm is a
number from 512 to 32767 and specifies how large the SWAPPER.DAT file
can grow before it stops consuming hard disk space. The size is stated
in the negative. In other words, if you have the mmm set to 512, then
the SWAPPER.DAT file can grow until there is only 512k left on your
hard disk. The variable nnn is the starting size of the SWAPPER.DAT
file. In the CONFIG.SYS file line above, the starting size is 4096 or
4MB.
The default SWAPPER.DAT size is set based upon the amount of RAM your
system has available as shown in the table below.
MEMORY IN MB MINFREE (KB) INITIAL SIZE (KB)
4 4096 6144
5 4096 5120
6 4096 5120
7 2048 4096
8 2048 4096
9 2048 3072
10 2048 3072
11 - 32 2048 2048
<<=TIP=>> Normal operation of OS/2 2.x involves considerable disk
activity as operating system functions are loaded and pages are moved
in and out of the swap file. To improve performance, consider
dedicating a separate partition for the swap file next to the op-
erating system partition. This helps avoid fragmentation of the swap
file, because other files will not be added or deleted from the
dedicated partition. Disk access time will be minimized.
BREAK=OFF
For DOS programs only. Many DOS programs can be stopped by holding
down the Ctrl key and then pressing the Break key. BREAK controls how
quickly DOS programs stop when you interrupt them with the Ctrl-Break
sequence. If BREAK=OFF, DOS will stop the program only when the
programs next reads a character from the keyboard or writes to the
screen or printer. With BREAK=ON, DOS will check for the Ctrl-Break on
a more frequent basis. Remember that this extra checking can make your
DOS programs run slower.
THREADS=256
OS/2 programs can have several different processes running at the same
time. These are called threads. This OS/2 command sets the maximum
number of threads, from 32 to 4095, that OS/2 can run at the same
time.
<<=TIP=>> On systems with only 4MB of RAM, set THREADS to 128 to free
up memory. If you only have 4MB of RAM, get more fast. You'll be
amazed at the difference another 4 or 8MB of RAM will make!
<<=TIP=>> If you have more than 8MB of RAM and run mostly OS/2
specific programs, you should be able to improve system responsiveness
by increasing the number of threads. Why? Because well written OS/2
programs will use threads to improve program performance. Therefore,
the more OS/2 programs in use, the more threads that could be needed.
PRINTMONBUFSIZE=134,134,134
This OS/2 command sets the size of the print buffers for your parallel
ports. The syntax is PRINTMONBUFSIZE=LPT1,LPT2,LPT3 where LPT1 is
the buffer size for the parallel port LPT1, LPT2 is the buffer size
for LPT2 and LPT3 is the buffer size for LPT3. The default and minimum
is 134 bytes and the maximum is 2048 bytes.
<<=TIP=>> If you are not using LPT2 or LPT3, then do not set up a
buffer for them and use these bytes to increase the buffer for LPT1
(PRINTMONBUFSIZE=402,0,0) which should improve printing speed.
<<=Note=>> You still need to define a buffer for LPT2 and LPT3, but
you indicate a "0" (zero) byte size. You will get an error message at
startup if you don't.
<<=TIP=>> On systems with only 4MB of RAM that are not using LPT2 or
LPT3, leave LPT1 at 134 and reduce LPT2 and LPT3 to "0" (zero). This
will free up a little memory.
COUNTRY=001,C:\OS2\SYSTEM\COUNTRY.SYS
Customizes your system for the country you wish to use. It establishes
which defaults to use when it comes to decimal separators, date and
time formats, currency symbols, etc. The syntax is
COUNTRY=xxx,PATH,FILE NAME. xxx is a three-digit code number that
tells what country to use. The number is usually (but not always) the
same as the international telephone dialing prefix for the country
desired. The table below contains various country codes.
SET KEYS=OFF
When using the Command-line, KEYS tells CMD.EXE whether to remember
previous keystrokes so they can be recalled with the up arrow key.
OS/2 maintains a 64k buffer for storing keystroke history. KEYS can be
ON or OFF.
<<=TIP=>> On systems with only 4MB of RAM, SET KEYS to OFF, you need
the memory more than this feature. Even with 8MB of RAM, since I don't
use the feature I have turned it off to get a small memory boost.
REM SET DELDIR=C:\DELETE,512;
To use OS/2s UNDELETE command, you must first establish a directory in
which to store the deleted files. To do this, create a directory
called DELETE in your root and then remove the "REM" from this
CONFIG.SYS file line.
This command points OS/2 to the directory you created to place deleted
files in. It also indicates the maximum number of files that will be
stored in the DELETE directory. If the number of deleted files exceeds
the maximum number that you specified, then files are automatically
removed from the directory on a first-in-first-out basis.
BASEDEV=PRINT01.SYS
BASEDEV=IBM1FLPY.ADD
BASEDEV=IBM1S506.ADD
BASEDEV=OS2DASD.DMD
BASEDEV installs a base device driver used by OS/2 when it is first
started. The statement cannot contain either a drive or path because
OS/2 cannot process such information at the stage at which these
statements are process. Other base device drivers include:
PRINT01.SYS supports attached printers on non-Micro Channel PC's.
PRINT02.SYS supports attached printers on Micro Channel PC's.
IBM1FLPY.ADD supports diskette drives on non-Micro Channel PC's.
IBM2FLPY.ADD supports diskette drives on Micro Channel PC's.
IBM2SCSI.ADD supports SCSI disk drives on Micro Channel PC's.
OS2SCSI.DMD supports non-disk SCSI devices.
IBM1S506.ADD supports non-SCSI disk drives on non-Micro Channel PC's.
OS2DASD.DMD is a general purpose driver for disk drives.
IBM2ADSK.ADD supports non-SCSI disk drives on Micro Channel PC's.
IBMINT13.I13 supports non-Micro Channel SCSI adapters.
SET BOOKSHELF=C:\GAMMA32;C:\OS2\BOOK
This command points to the on-line documentation (INF files) provided
with OS/2 and to any on-line documentation provided by other OS/2
programs. I have the GAMMATECH utilities installed on my system
which contains on-line documentation.
SET EPMPATH=C:\OS2\APPS
Replaced SET EPATH=C:\OS2\APPS; in version 2.0. According to one
source in IBM, EPMPATH is used by the Enhanced Editor (EPM.EXE).
REM DEVICE=C:\OS2\APPS\SASYNCDB.SYS
This device driver loads asynchronous communications support for the
PM Terminal applet.
<<=TIP=>> If you don't use PM Terminal, REM this line to save a little
memory. In fact, if you are not using PM Terminal you may wish to
consider deleting the files to save some disk space also.
PROTECTONLY=NO
An OS/2 command. Allows you to choose between a shared DOS and OS/2
operating environment or just an OS/2 environment. If you plan to
run only OS/2 programs, then set PROTECTONLY=YES. If you plan to run
DOS programs (this includes Windows programs also), then set
PROTECTONLY=NO.
SHELL=C:\OS2\MDOS\COMMAND.COM C:\OS2\MDOS /P
This line identifies and loads the DOS command processor COMMAND.COM
which you must have to make DOS sessions work. The /p switch keeps the
command processor in memory until shutdown.
This is the line where you can also specify the size of the DOS
environment variable. The range is 160 through 32768. For example, to
set a 1024 byte environment you would add the following to the end of
the SHELL command line: /E:1024
<<=TIP=>> You can also load and run other command processor's such as
4DOS. To do so, just put 4DOS in your MDOS directory and change the
SHELL line to read 4DOS.COM instead of COMMAND.COM.
FCBS=16,8
A file control block (FCBS) is an outmoded record that gives
information about a file to DOS. This CONFIG.SYS file line tells DOS
how many FCBS can be open at once, or, when DOS needs to open more
FCBS than are available, how many currently open but not active FCBS
may be closed to make room for new ones.
The syntax is FCBS=a,b where a=the number of FCBS that DOS can have
open at one time and b=the number of FCBS DOS cannot close to make
room for new FCBS. "a" can be as high as 255. "b" can have a value of
0 to 254, but must be less than "a". Unless you get some kind of error
message when running a DOS program that tells you the program doesn't
have enough FCBS, leave the default as set.
<<=TIP=>> You may wish to experiment with a smaller number. If you can
get by with a smaller number, you will get back a little memory in
each of your DOS sessions.
RMSIZE=640
This is a DOS command and sets the amount of memory available for use
by each DOS session. The maximum is 640k. Since some DOS programs
require 640k, its best to have RMSIZE set to 640.
<<=TIP=>> If you only have 4MB of RAM or don't have any DOS programs
that need a full 640k, you should consider reducing this parameter to
512. Many DOS applications will run in a 512k DOS partition. Doing
this will free up some additional RAM which will help performance.
<<=TIP=>> If you need maximum memory (more than 640k), see tip under
DOS=LOW,NOUMB.
DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VEMM.SYS
VEMM.SYS lets DOS programs use expanded memory unless you override it
by changing a DOS programs SETTINGS.
Three of its switches are:
/S=n Sets the limit of EMS memory in blocks of 1024k. Default is 2.
/L=n Size of conventional memory that can be remapped. Default is
none.
/F=nnnn Memory frame address to be used to map EMS. Default is AUTO.
Settings you specify in a DOS session will override these switches.
<<=NOTE=>> The VEMM.SYS device must be listed in your CONFIG.SYS file
before the VXMS.SYS device.
DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VMOUSE.SYS
Identifies and loads the mouse driver to let you use a mouse with DOS.
Mouse support for OS/2 is loaded below.
<<=NOTE=>> If you don't have this line (or you REM'd it), you will not
have mouse support in your DOS sessions.
DOS=LOW,NOUMB
This is a standard DOS command that lets you control how DOS uses
memory. The OS/2 default is DOS=LOW,NOUMB and is considered by many
to be the best setting for it conserves memory for OS/2. DOS=HIGH
(including ,UMB) reduces available memory for OS/2, but increases
the available memory in EVERY DOS session. Few DOS sessions need
maximum memory. Also remember that you can move DOS HIGH for a
specific program by changing that programs DOS. This is done in the
programs Settings Notebook and is likely the better way to go.
Finally, keep in mind that in OS/2 many device drivers are not taking
up room in your 640k DOS area. So you generally have more memory in
the typical OS/2 DOS session than in a standard DOS session.
The following is the amount of memory my system reports in each DOS
session with DOS=LOW,NOUMB. The vast majority of all DOS programs will
run just fine with this amount of memory.
655360 bytes total memory
655360 bytes available for DOS
618208 largest executable program size <---- This equals about
604k. With
DOS=HIGH, the
amount of memory
reported is:
655360 bytes total memory
655360 bytes available for DOS
643632 largest executable program size <---- About 629k
<<=TIP=>> If you have need for maximum available RAM in a DOS session
and can get by on CGA or MONO, change RMSIZE=639 (See description of
this parameter three command lines above) in your CONFIG.SYS file (has
to be 639k due to a bug in OS/2). Then in DOS Settings of your
applications Settings Notebook, change VIDEO_MODE_RESTRICTION to CGA
or MONO. The amount of memory reported after doing this on my machine
is:
752640 bytes total memory
752640 bytes available for DOS
740656 largest executable program size
REM DEVICE=C:\OS2\APM.SYS
Device driver for ADVANCED POWER MANAGEMENT system used with laptop
systems. If you have this line in your CONFIG.SYS file and you are NOT
using a laptop, REM or delete the statement.
Part 3 of 3